Glossar der Bildphilosophie - Benutzerbeiträge [de-formal]

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:41:31Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

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[[Kategorie:Unterpunkt]]





Unterpunkt zu: [[Bildtermini anderer Sprachen]]



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In Hungarian the noun ''kép'' refers to the German noun ''Bild''. In case of English the situation is a bit more difficult since there is a slight difference between the meaning of the terms ''picture'' and ''image''. The meaning of the Hungarian ''kép'' might refer to both English terms, but in case of ''image'' as it refers to mental phenomena there are other affixed words in use as well.

====='''Etymological roots'''=====

Etymologically ''kép'' is rooted in the Old-Turkic word ''ki:b''. The Old-Turkic word originally refers to mould, model in a concrete sense. It shortly gained metaphoric meaning ‘likeness’, ‘resemblance’. The Turkic ''gibi'' came to be used as a postposition meaning ‘like’. The Turkic meaning was ‘shape’, ‘form’, ‘image’, and ‘likeness’.
Despite the fact that Hungarian is a Finno-Ugrian language and Islam had a considerable effect as it relates to pictures, the evolution of the meaning both ''gibi'' and ''kép'' is surprisingly similar. Although ''kép'' is as old as the most elementary words like wheat and wood, the earliest occurrence of the word is in Christian texts, from ca. 1315 “szent oltarum kunar kepeben” [in form of bread on the holy altar]. (Róna-Tas 1999:368)




====='''Semantic variants of ''kép'' '''=====

''Kép'' primarily means a ‘planar depicted clone of something’. It can be a work of art, either a mirrored or projected scenery, a reflection, a moving image, facial expression, form or appearance of something (the holy spirit came down as a dove).
The basic affixed forms are: ''képes'' (first occurrence in 1388) what means ‘fraught by pictures’ and ‘capable, able’ either in terms of intellectual or physical capacity. ‘Capability’ relates to the early sense of ''-képpen'' which mean ‘manner’, ‘way’, ‘in a certain way’. (This sense also recognizable in the Old-Turkic ''ki:b''.); ''képest'' (1372) ‘as compared’ originates from the adjective ''képes'', i.e. ‘fraught by pictures’; ''képez'' (1506) ‘form’, ‘model’, ‘train’, ‘educate’, ‘affix’. This group of meanings evolved in accordance with the German ''Bild-bilden'' doublet though independently of it; képlékeny (1871) means ‘malleable’, ‘plastic’. This meaning rooted in the verb ''képel'' (an old usage with the meaning of ‘shape’, ‘form’ in the sense of bildende Kunst in 1825.); ''képlet'' (1815) was also the result of the neologist movement. It means ‘formula’ both in the sense of mathematics and chemistry; képmás (1787) ‘portrait’, ‘likeness’ derives from ''kép'' as face; ''képmutató'' (after 1416) ‘dissembler’, ‘disingenuous’. It is a composition of ''kép'' as face and the Latin ''mutare', alter, change; ''képtelen'' (1456) ‘impossible’, ‘incapable’ derives from the counter of ''képes''; ''képviselő'' (1744) ‘representative’ stems from wearing someone else’ image (face), i.e. act instead of someone; ''képzel'' (1645) means to ‘conceive’, ‘imagine’, i.e. creating a mental image based on ideas, thinking of something as, considering some unreal as real. It came from ''képez''.

====='''Some recent usage and idioms'''=====

Without aiming at a complete view on the repertoire I will mention just examples relate to science, economy, and idioms. ''Leképez'' is mostly used in physics and mathematics and reaches back to ''képez''. In optics it means creating a picture with the help of optical instruments and with regard to set theory it means to determine definite relation among the members of the set; ''túl/alulképzett'' under/over qualified is mostly used in labour market and originates also from ''képez''. The idiom of ''képben van'' ’to see an affair as it is’ (literary translation ‘s/he is in the picture’) means having an overview, a comprehensive image of the given situation, scenario; and finally as a recapitulation of the original meaning of ''kép'' as ‘face’, ‘facial expression’ and ''kép'' as ‘portrait: ''van képe hozzá'' means ‘s/he dares to do something although it is shameful/disgraceful’. This meaning is rooted in the constellation of having a self-image which suggests bearing such privileges that provide the possibility of acting even against morality.




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''Verantwortlich:''


[[Benutzer:XXX]]

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Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:31:52Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

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[[Kategorie:Unterpunkt]]





Unterpunkt zu: [[Bildtermini anderer Sprachen]]



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{{GlossarBoxMain}}



In Hungarian the noun ''kép'' refers to the German noun ''Bild''. In case of English the situation is a bit more difficult since there is a slight difference between the meaning of the terms ''picture'' and ''image''. The meaning of the Hungarian ''kép'' might refer to both English terms, but in case of ''image'' as it refers to mental phenomena there are other affixed words in use as well.

====='''Etymological roots'''=====

Etymologically ''kép'' is rooted in the Old-Turkic word ''ki:b''. The Old-Turkic word originally refers to mould, model in a concrete sense. It shortly gained metaphoric meaning ‘likeness’, ‘resemblance’. The Turkic ''gibi'' came to be used as a postposition meaning ‘like’. The Turkic meaning was ‘shape’, ‘form’, ‘image’, and ‘likeness’.
Despite the fact that Hungarian is a Finno-Ugrian language and Islam had a considerable effect as it relates to pictures, the evolution of the meaning both ''gibi'' and ''kép'' is surprisingly similar. Although ''kép'' is as old as the most elementary words like wheat and wood, the earliest occurrence of the word is in Christian texts, from ca. 1315 “szent oltarum kunar kepeben” [in form of bread on the holy altar]. (Róna-Tas 1999:368)




====='''Semantic variants of ''kép'' '''=====

''Kép'' primarily means a ‘planar depicted clone of something’. It can be a work of art, either a mirrored or projected scenery, a reflection, a moving image, facial expression, form or appearance of something (the holy spirit came down as a dove).
The basic affixed forms are: ''képes'' (first occurrence in 1388) what means ‘fraught by pictures’ and ‘capable, able’ either in terms of intellectual or physical capacity. ‘Capability’ relates to the early sense of ''-képpen'' which mean ‘manner’, ‘way’, ‘in a certain way’. (This sense also recognizable in the Old-Turkic ''ki:b''.); ''képest'' (1372) ‘as compared’ originates from the adjective ''képes'', i.e. ‘fraught by pictures’; ''képez'' (1506) ‘form’, ‘model’, ‘train’, ‘educate’, ‘affix’. This group of meanings evolved in accordance with the German ''Bild-bilden'' doublet though independently of it; képlékeny (1871) means ‘malleable’, ‘plastic’. This meaning rooted in the verb ''képel'' (an old usage with the meaning of ‘shape’, ‘form’ in the sense of bildende Kunst in 1825.); ''képlet'' (1815) was also the result of the neologist movement. It means ‘formula’ both in the sense of mathematics and chemistry; képmás (1787) ‘portrait’, ‘likeness’ derives from ''kép'' as face; ''képmutató'' (after 1416) ‘dissembler’, ‘disingenuous’. It is a composition of ''kép'' as face and the Latin ''mutare', alter, change; ''képtelen'' (1456) ‘impossible’, ‘incapable’ derives from the counter of ''képes''; ''képviselő'' (1744) ‘representative’ stems from wearing someone else’ image (face), i.e. act instead of someone; ''képzel'' (1645) means to ‘conceive’, ‘imagine’, i.e. creating a mental image based on ideas, thinking of something as, considering some unreal as real. It came from ''képez''.

====='''Some recent usage and idioms'''=====

Without aiming at a complete view on the repertoire I will mention just examples relate to science, economy, and idioms. ''Leképez'' is mostly used in physics and mathematics and reaches back to ''képez''. In optics it means creating a picture with the help of optical instruments and with regard to set theory it means to determine definite relation among the members of the set; ''túl/alulképzett'' under/over qualified is mostly used in labour market and originates also from ''képez''. The idiom of ''képben van'' ’to see an affair as it is’ (literary translation ‘s/he is in the picture’) means having an overview, a comprehensive image of the given situation, scenario; and finally as a recapitulation of the original meaning of ''kép'' as ‘face’, ‘facial expression’ and ''kép'' as ‘portrait: ''van képe hozzá'' means ‘s/he dares to do something although it is shameful/disgraceful’. This meaning is rooted in the constellation of having a self-image which suggests bearing such privileges that provide the possibility of acting even against morality.





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''Verantwortlich:''


[[Benutzer:XXX]]

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Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:27:00Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

{{GlosHeader}}
[[Kategorie:Unterpunkt]]





Unterpunkt zu: [[Bildtermini anderer Sprachen]]



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{{GlossarBoxMain}}



In Hungarian the noun ''kép'' refers to the German noun ''Bild''. In case of English the situation is a bit more difficult since there is a slight difference between the meaning of the terms ''picture'' and ''image''. The meaning of the Hungarian ''kép'' might refer to both English terms, but in case of ''image'' as it refers to mental phenomena there are other affixed words in use as well.

====='''Etymological roots'''=====

Etymologically ''kép'' is rooted in the Old-Turkic word ''ki:b''. The Old-Turkic word originally refers to mould, model in a concrete sense. It shortly gained metaphoric meaning ‘likeness’, ‘resemblance’. The Turkic ''gibi'' came to be used as a postposition meaning ‘like’. The Turkic meaning was ‘shape’, ‘form’, ‘image’, and ‘likeness’.
Despite the fact that Hungarian is a Finno-Ugrian language and Islam had a considerable effect as it relates to pictures, the evolution of the meaning both ''gibi'' and ''kép'' is surprisingly similar. Although ''kép'' is as old as the most elementary words like wheat and wood, the earliest occurrence of the word is in Christian texts, from ca. 1315 “szent oltarum kunar kepeben” [in form of bread on the holy altar]. (Róna-Tas 1999:368)




====='''Semantic variants of ''kép'' '''=====

''Kép'' primarily means a ‘planar depicted clone of something’. It can be a work of art, either a mirrored or projected scenery, a reflection, a moving image, facial expression, form or appearance of something (the holy spirit came down as a dove).
The basic affixed forms are: ''képes'' (first occurrence in 1388) what means ‘fraught by pictures’ and ‘capable, able’ either in terms of intellectual or physical capacity. ‘Capability’ relates to the early sense of ''-képpen'' which mean ‘manner’, ‘way’, ‘in a certain way’. (This sense also recognizable in the Old-Turkic ''ki:b''.); ''képest'' (1372) ‘as compared’ originates from the adjective ''képes'', i.e. ‘fraught by pictures’; ''képez'' (1506) ‘form’, ‘model’, ‘train’, ‘educate’, ‘affix’. This group of meanings evolved in accordance with the German ''Bild-bilden'' doublet though independently of it; képlékeny (1871) means ‘malleable’, ‘plastic’. This meaning rooted in the verb ''képel'' (an old usage with the meaning of ‘shape’, ‘form’ in the sense of bildende Kunst in 1825.); ''képlet'' (1815) was also the result of the neologist movement. It means ‘formula’ both in the sense of mathematics and chemistry; képmás (1787) ‘portrait’, ‘likeness’ derives from ''kép'' as face; ''képmutató'' (after 1416) ‘dissembler’, ‘disingenuous’. It is a composition of ''kép'' as face and the Latin ''mutare', alter, change; ''képtelen'' (1456) ‘impossible’, ‘incapable’ derives from the counter of ''képes''; ''képviselő'' (1744) ‘representative’ stems from wearing someone else’ image (face), i.e. act instead of someone; ''képzel'' (1645) means to ‘conceive’, ‘imagine’, i.e. creating a mental image based on ideas, thinking of something as, considering some unreal as real. It came from ''képez''.

=====optional Beispiele=====



=====Auswirkungen auf andere Begriffe=====







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''Verantwortlich:''


[[Benutzer:XXX]]

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Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:22:47Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:21:49Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:20:58Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:20:32Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:19:40Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:16:53Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:12:45Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:12:25Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:11:52Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor:

Ungarisch: 'kép'

2010-12-27T14:08:38Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „   {{GlosHeader}} Kategorie:Unterpunkt <!--Ende…“

Bildtermini anderer Sprachen

2010-12-27T13:58:53Z

Zsuzsanna Kondor: /* Unterpunkte */

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[[Kategorie:Hauptpunkt]]



[[Kategorie:Bild und Sprache]]

Hauptpunkt zu: [[Bild und Sprache]]



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=====Fragestellung=====
Im ersten Kapitel seines einflussreichen Buches ''Iconology'' unterscheidet W.J.T. Mitchell mehrere
Zweige in der Familie der »images«, darunter den graphischen, optischen, mentalen und
verbalen.<ref>Vgl. <bib id='Mitchell_1986a'>Mitchell 1986a, S. 10</bib>.</ref> Das ist auf den ersten Blick einleuchtend. Es entspricht weitgehend unserem
Sprachverständnis, dass wir Gemälde, Spiegelungen, Vorstellungen und auch bestimmte
rhetorische Figuren – wie etwa die eben verwendete Metapher des Zweigs – »Bilder« nennen.
Allerdings sollte uns schon Mitchells Text selbst skeptisch machen: Wieso spricht er von
»images« und nicht von »pictures«? Immerhin lässt sich doch beides mit »Bild« übersetzen! Und
welche Bedeutungsdifferenz im Englischen entgeht uns, wenn wir genau das tun und beides mit
ein und demselben deutschen Wort wiedergeben? Außerdem ist Sprache, sind Sprachen
wandelbar. Dafür ist zufälligerweise das deutsche Wort »Image« ein gutes Beispiel, das, aus dem
Englischen kommend, sich in den 1950er Jahren zuerst in der Wirtschaftspsychologie und dann
in der Alltagssprache verbreitete.<ref>Vgl. <bib id='Brachfeld_1976a'>Brachfeld 1976a</bib>.</ref> Wir müssen also vermuten, dass sich unser gegenwärtiges
Sprachverständnis nicht ohne Verzerrungen einfach in die Vergangenheit projizieren lässt. Im
Folgenden wird es darum gehen, genau diese Skrupel zu berücksichtigen und vor allem danach zu
fragen, was sich in älteren und fremdsprachigen Texten tatsächlich findet, wenn in der deutschen
Übersetzung zumeist nur »Bild« zu lesen ist. Es wird sich also um Beiträge zur Begriffsgeschichte
oder zur historischen Semantik von »Bild« und seinen Übersetzungen handeln.







=====Aufteilung=====

Kommentar zu den Unterpunkten ...



=====Sonstiges=====



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=====Unterpunkte=====
<HR>


* [[arabisch: 'sûra', 'awthân' und 'asnâm']]
* [[englisch: 'image' und 'picture']]
* [[französisch: 'image', 'dessin' und 'cadre']]
* [[griechisch: 'typos', 'eidolon', 'eikon', 'mimema', 'phantasma']]
* [[hebräisch: 'päsäl', 'säläm' und 'demut']]
* italienisch: ...
* [[lateinisch: 'effigies', 'imago', 'repraesentatio', 'species'...]]
* [[ungarisch: 'kép']]
* ...
</div>

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''Verantwortlich:''


[[Benutzer:Dimitri Liebsch|Dimitri Liebsch]]

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